If there is been a single immutable rule all through American tv background, it has been local news. Nearly from the moment the station first signed on air, they started carrying nearby news where by sports activities constantly performed a major position. An absence of consistent programming sources in these early yrs led lots of stations to turn to sports activities to fill their broadcasting schedules. The big apple's WNBT tv signed on to broadcast in July 1941, and its first broadcast was an experienced baseball video game ("NBC Heritage", 2003). When developing neighborhood newscasts to match their viewers, these stations typically incorporated sports activities and weather conditions. For example, in 1961 WKMG began its very first comprehensive-time news department in Orlando. Newscasts contain Frank Vaught's athletics experiences ("The history of," 2003).
Sports activities have held a dominant placement in community information broadcasting for a number of yrs, but recent market tendencies have identified as into query this place. Segmented audiences, switching demographics, and declining news profitability have forced the station to reexamine its neighborhood sports activities section. “Sports activities is probably the very last regions of Television in which folks do items the way in which they usually have,” says television govt Elliott Wiser. “(Now) a different tactic is required” (Deggans, 2000).
Issue for Local Television set Information
미국인들에게 뉴스의 주요 제공자로서 텔레비전의 패권을 위협하는 몇 가지 요인이 결합되었습니다. Undertaking for Excellence in Journalism(2002)에서 수행한 연구에 따르면 텔레비전 뉴스 방송이 시청자를 잃고 있습니다. 1998년에는 방송국의 2/three가 지역 뉴스 방송 시청률이 감소했다고 보고했습니다. 2002년까지 그 수치는 76%로 증가했습니다. 2001년 9월 테러 이후에도 지역 뉴스 시청률은 7% 떨어졌다.
인터넷, 케이블 채널 및 가정용 위성과 같은 미디어 소스의 출현은 시청자에게 뉴스 대안을 제공했습니다. Radio and Television News Director’s Affiliation(“Switching channels”, 1996)의 연구에 따르면, “대중의 상당 부분이 정기적으로 다른 다양한 소스에 귀를 기울입니다.”
점점 더 많은 방송국이 대형 미디어 회사에 의해 통제됨에 따라 지역 텔레비전 뉴스도 수익 지향적이 되었습니다. 예를 들어, 2002년 첫 몇 주 동안 세 개의 방송국 그룹은 자회사 방송국에서 지역 뉴스를 완전히 제거하기로 결정했습니다(Trigoboff, 2002). Television set 뉴스 컨설턴트인 짐 윌리는 "대혁명이 일어날 것 같다"고 말했다. "같은 시장에서 동시에 four~5개의 뉴스 방송을 해야 합니까?" (Trigoboff, 2002).
Trouble for Community Television Sports
None of the is good news with the regional television athletics sector, that is increasingly beneath scrutiny from station execs. Regardless of its common presence in just regional newscasts, sports activities have long been viewed as a "tuning" component. In accordance with a study through the Radio and tv News Administrators Basis, only 31% of viewers explained they were 'pretty interested' in sporting activities and 32% had been 'rather interested' ("Journalism and Ethics", 1998). This compares to 72% who expressed desire within the temperature. "Sports activities are extremely polarizing." explained television news marketing consultant Brent Magid. “The majority can acknowledge, leave, or despise” (Greppi, 2002).
Reports have revealed that Females are significantly significantly less serious about sports activities than Gentlemen (Gantz and Wenner, 1991; Perse, 1992), and a lot of stations have acted accordingly. In 2000, Tampa's WTSP dropped the sport from its early evening newscasts. In keeping with station news director Jim Church, "Telling a story when not one person is listening isn't an excellent utilization of air time" (Deggans, 2000).
Some stations have removed the Activity, while some have reduced their allotted time. With regards to the working day with the 7 days (weekends have extra sporting activities time), sports segments have historically obtained among 3 and five minutes of regional information protection. Given that number is down to about a minute. In 2002, Pittsburgh's KDKA Slash the time for sporting activities by just a few in addition to a 50 % minutes for 3 several hours of stories. Some others from the marketplace have carried out new techniques, for instance athletics stories that concentrate more on people than scores or cater to a broader news audience. "What we are endeavoring to do now's handle sports as information," claims KDKA news director Al Blinke. “We want to do a thing outside of sports activities” (Finder, 2002).
Discussion
스포츠 부문에서 일어나고 있는 변화는 시간 할당보다 콘텐츠, 스타일 및 프레젠테이션과 더 관련이 있습니다. 아마도 시청자에게 모든 스포츠 네트워크와 대조되는 것을 제공하기 위한 노력의 일환으로, 지역 Television set 스포츠는 지역 이야기, 운동 선수 및 이벤트에 더 초점을 맞추고 있으며 일반 스포츠 팬을 위해 보다 기능 지향적이고 시청자 친화적인 보도를 만들고 있습니다. 전형적인 반응은 Midwest의 뉴스 디렉터가 “우리는 스포츠가 비스포츠 팬들에게 흥미로웠으면 합니다. 여기서 스포츠는 뉴스이고 커뮤니티입니다. 많은 케이블 스포츠 채널이 제공하는 것과는 반대로 시청자에게 지역 정보를 제공하십시오. 우리만이 현지에 갈 수 있습니다. 그들은 할 수 없습니다.”
지역 텔레비전 스포츠의 미래에 대해 뉴스 감독들은 이 연구에 대해 지금과 가까운 미래의 두 가지 뚜렷한 시간 프레임을 제안하는 더 비관적이었고, 지역 텔레비전 스포츠는 안전해 보이지만 뉴스 감독들은 그것을 매우 짧은 기간에 묶었습니다. 한 뉴스 디렉터는 이렇게 말했습니다. 지금은 하기 싫지만 앞으로는 할 수 있을 것”이라고 말했다.
Implications
Improvements in regional sports activities may be a mirrored image in the great upheaval taking place through broadcast news. Should the athletics sector is not safe, How about other information aspects? CBS Group Information Vice President Joel Cheatwood (Trigoboff, 2002) claimed, “[All of this] forces us to reexamine the [information] model.”
On a far more instant stage, modifications during the regional sports sector right impact Countless aspiring sportscasters. Stations which can be lessening their dedication to sporting activities may also be lessening their sports activities workforce concentrations, which impacts the job current market. An additional news director mentioned, "[Sporting 스포츠중계 activities on newscasts] is dying." “We went from two complete-time sportsmen to 1 comprehensive-time, 1 in command of the news three days weekly, and it absolutely was a battle to remain there.”
Similarly vital, modifications in how sporting activities are presented are forcing sports activities broadcasters to discover new solutions. No longer can sportscasters concentrate on scoring. They've got for making the presentation more engaging for regular supporters. This is certainly also vital for journalism schools across the country, which must document what stations want while in the athletics sector and update their teaching curricula.
Will these variations work or persist? Sports journalist Chuck Finder (2002) commented around the modify in KDKA, “Allow’s reserve ultimate judgment right up until September, if the Steelers, higher education, and highschool football seasons commence in earnest. Then the station is going to be . There exists an mistake in clock management.”