If there is been 1 immutable rule throughout American television history, it's been area news. Practically from The instant the station very first signed on air, they started carrying area news the place sporting activities often played A serious role. A lack of steady programming resources in these early decades led numerous stations to turn to sports activities to fill their broadcasting schedules. The big apple's WNBT tv signed on to broadcast in July 1941, and its first broadcast was an experienced baseball video game ("NBC Record", 2003). When developing neighborhood newscasts to match their viewers, these stations commonly bundled sports and weather. As an example, in 1961 WKMG commenced its initially comprehensive-time information Office in Orlando. Newscasts involve Frank Vaught's sporting activities reports ("The history of," 2003).
Sports have held a dominant position in local information broadcasting for quite a few decades, but the latest field traits have known as into query this posture. Segmented audiences, altering demographics, and declining information profitability have forced the station to reexamine its nearby sports segment. “Sports activities has become the very last regions of Television exactly where individuals do things the way they normally have,” claims television executive Elliott Wiser. “(Today) a new solution is required” (Deggans, 2000).
Dilemma for Neighborhood TV Information
미국인들에게 뉴스의 주요 제공자로서 텔레비전의 패권을 위협하는 몇 가지 요인이 결합되었습니다. Task for Excellence in Journalism(2002)에서 수행한 연구에 따르면 텔레비전 뉴스 방송이 시청자를 잃고 있습니다. 1998년에는 방송국의 2/three가 지역 뉴스 방송 시청률이 감소했다고 보고했습니다. 2002년까지 그 수치는 seventy six%로 증가했습니다. 2001년 9월 테러 이후에도 지역 뉴스 시청률은 seven% 떨어졌다.
인터넷, 케이블 채널 및 가정용 위성과 같은 미디어 소스의 출현은 시청자에게 뉴스 대안을 제공했습니다. Radio and Television News Director’s Affiliation(“Modifying channels”, 1996)의 연구에 따르면, “대중의 상당 부분이 정기적으로 다른 다양한 소스에 귀를 기울입니다.”
점점 더 많은 방송국이 대형 미디어 회사에 의해 통제됨에 따라 지역 텔레비전 뉴스도 수익 지향적이 되었습니다. 예를 들어, 2002년 첫 몇 주 동안 세 개의 방송국 그룹은 자회사 방송국에서 지역 뉴스를 완전히 제거하기로 결정했습니다(Trigoboff, 2002). TV 뉴스 컨설턴트인 짐 윌리는 "대혁명이 일어날 것 같다"고 말했다. "같은 시장에서 동시에 four~5개의 뉴스 방송을 해야 합니까?" (Trigoboff, 2002).
Trouble for Regional TV Sporting activities
None of this is Great news for that nearby tv sports activities sector, which is ever more under scrutiny from station execs. Inspite of its classic existence inside of local newscasts, sports activities have extensive been deemed a "tuning" variable. In line with a study through the Radio and tv News Directors Basis, only 31% of viewers stated they ended up 'extremely intrigued' in sporting activities and 32% had been 'rather interested' ("Journalism and Ethics", 1998). This compares to 72% who expressed fascination in the climate. "Athletics are extremely polarizing." mentioned tv information advisor Brent Magid. “The majority can acknowledge, go away, or despise” (Greppi, 2002).
Research have demonstrated that Women of all ages are far significantly less keen on sporting activities than Males (Gantz and Wenner, 1991; Perse, 1992), and plenty of stations have acted appropriately. In 2000, Tampa's WTSP dropped the Activity from its early night newscasts. According to station news director Jim Church, "Telling a story when no person is listening will not be a very good use of air time" (Deggans, 2000).
Some stations have eliminated the sport, while others have decreased their allotted time. With regards to the working day of your 7 days (weekends have more sports time), sports segments have historically obtained in between three and five minutes of neighborhood news coverage. Now that number is down to a few moment. In 2002, Pittsburgh's KDKA Slash some time for athletics by just a few and also a 50 percent minutes for 3 hrs of news. Other people within the business have implemented new approaches, such as sporting activities tales that emphasis a lot more on folks than scores or cater to some broader information audience. "What we're endeavoring to do now could be handle sports activities as news," suggests KDKA news director Al Blinke. “We want to do a little something outside of sports activities” (Finder, 2002).
Discussion
스포츠 부문에서 일어나고 있는 변화는 시간 할당보다 콘텐츠, 스타일 및 프레젠테이션과 더 관련이 있습니다. 아마도 시청자에게 모든 스포츠 네트워크와 대조되는 것을 제공하기 위한 노력의 일환으로, 지역 Television set 스포츠는 지역 이야기, 운동 선수 및 이벤트에 더 초점을 맞추고 있으며 일반 스포츠 팬을 위해 보다 기능 지향적이고 시청자 친화적인 보도를 만들고 있습니다. 전형적인 반응은 Midwest의 뉴스 디렉터가 “우리는 스포츠가 비스포츠 팬들에게 흥미로웠으면 합니다. 여기서 스포츠는 뉴스이고 커뮤니티입니다. 많은 케이블 스포츠 채널이 제공하는 것과는 반대로 시청자에게 지역 정보를 제공하십시오. 우리만이 현지에 갈 수 있습니다. 그들은 할 수 없습니다.”
지역 텔레비전 스포츠의 미래에 대해 뉴스 감독들은 이 연구에 대해 지금과 가까운 미래의 두 가지 뚜렷한 시간 프레임을 제안하는 더 비관적이었고, 지역 텔레비전 스포츠는 안전해 보이지만 뉴스 감독들은 그것을 매우 짧은 기간에 묶었습니다. 한 뉴스 디렉터는 이렇게 말했습니다. 지금은 하기 싫지만 앞으로는 할 수 있을 것”이라고 말했다.
Implications
Improvements in regional sports may very well be a mirrored image of the large upheaval 스포츠중계 happening throughout broadcast information. When the sporting activities sector is not safe, How about other news aspects? CBS Group Information Vice President Joel Cheatwood (Trigoboff, 2002) claimed, “[All of this] forces us to reexamine the [information] model.”
On a more immediate stage, changes from the nearby athletics sector straight have an impact on A huge number of aspiring sportscasters. Stations which have been lowering their determination to sports activities can also be cutting down their sports workforce amounts, which impacts The work marketplace. A different information director stated, "[Athletics on newscasts] is dying." “We went from two full-time sportsmen to one entire-time, a person in control of the information a few days per week, and it had been a struggle to remain there.”
Equally crucial, improvements in just how sports are presented are forcing sports activities broadcasters to know new solutions. No longer can sportscasters give attention to scoring. They have got to help make the presentation much more engaging for regular supporters. This is certainly also vital for journalism colleges across the country, which must document what stations want while in the athletics sector and update their teaching curricula.
Will these variations do the job or persist? Sporting activities journalist Chuck Finder (2002) commented on the change in KDKA, “Let’s reserve final judgment till September, when the Steelers, school, and high school soccer seasons start off in earnest. Then the station are going to be . You can find an mistake in clock administration.”